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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
09:03

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Structural Alerts for Aneuploidy Prediction: Are We There Yet?

Erika Maria Ricci1, Cecilia Bossa1, Francesca Marcon1

  • 1Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Toxics
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explored computational methods to identify chemicals causing aneuploidy, a key factor in risk assessment. While current models have limitations, specific structural alerts show promise for early hazard identification.

Keywords:
aneuploidygenotoxicityrisk assessmentstructural alertsstructure-activity relationship modelstoxicological dataset

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Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
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Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
10:55

Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: February 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Genotoxicity assessment, including gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, is vital for chemical risk assessment.
  • Early identification of aneuploidy is crucial for adopting threshold-based risk assessment strategies.
  • New Approach Methodologies, particularly in silico approaches, offer innovative pathways for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structure-activity relationships for aneuploidy using computational tools.
  • To address the lack of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for aneuploidy in the public domain.
  • To curate a dataset of confirmed aneugenic substances for in silico analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genotoxicity-relevant alert lists from the OECD QSAR Toolbox.
  • Curated a dataset of 65 confirmed aneugenic substances.
  • Analyzed structural alerts and investigated tubulin-binding chemicals for improved toxicological alert characterization.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated the performance of various computational profilers, noting generally limited discriminatory power for aneuploidy.
  • Identified specific structural alerts associated with the aneugenic mode of action through granular analysis.
  • Refined the definition of toxicity determinants for tubulin binders, enhancing early hazard assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Computational approaches show promise for early hazard assessment and informing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs).
  • A significant challenge remains the limited availability of well-curated experimental data on aneuploidy.
  • Existing data on aneuploidy are scarce, fragmented, and often subject to conflicting interpretations, hindering model development.