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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing02:41

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models
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Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Published on: December 9, 2016

Comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing and transcriptome diversity in apple using long-read sequencing.

Chenyang Hu1,2, Xin Huang2, Shuzhen Luo1,3,4

  • 1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Resource Plants on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study integrates long-read and short-read sequencing to map the apple transcriptome, revealing extensive alternative splicing and tissue-specific gene expression. This provides a valuable resource for apple genetic improvement.

Keywords:
alternative splicing atlasapplefull-length transcriptometissue-specifictranscriptome diversity

More Related Videos

Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
08:35

Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

Published on: June 24, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models
09:58

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Published on: December 9, 2016

Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
08:35

Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

Published on: June 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Transcriptomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing (AS) generates transcriptome diversity in plants.
  • Short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has limitations in resolving full-length transcripts and complex AS patterns, especially in perennial crops like apple (Malus domestica).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the full-length apple transcriptome across multiple tissues.
  • To identify and analyze alternative splicing variations and their tissue-specific regulation.
  • To create a valuable resource for understanding post-transcriptional regulation and genetic improvement in apple.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) long-read cDNA sequencing with Illumina RNA-seq.
  • Characterization of the full-length transcriptome in seven apple tissues, including vegetative organs and fruit developmental stages.
  • Quantification of gene and transcript expression, and assessment of AS variation using percent spliced in (PSI) and differential splicing analyses.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 56,809 genes and 100,911 transcript isoforms.
  • Construction of an AS atlas with 29,842 events across seven AS types, involving 17,659 genes.
  • Discovery of extensive tissue-associated transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, including tissue-specific genes, isoforms, and widespread differential splicing.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating ONT long reads with Illumina short reads enhances apple transcriptome annotation and AS characterization.
  • The study provides a systematic characterization of tissue-resolved transcript and AS variation.
  • The generated full-length transcriptome, unified annotation, and AS atlas serve as a crucial resource for apple research and breeding.