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Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

Masaru Nemoto1, Sohei Matsuura1, Yusuke Sakurai1

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.

Annals of Vascular Diseases
|May 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a risk in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures with iodinated contrast media. Identifying risk factors and using preventive measures like hydration can mitigate CIN development and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment frequently utilize iodinated contrast media.
  • Renal dysfunction poses a challenge due to the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
  • CIN can result from direct tubular cell injury and medullary ischemia induced by contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk factors and prevention strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
  • To highlight the importance of risk assessment before administering contrast media.
  • To discuss the differences in risk between intravenous and intra-arterial contrast administration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • Identification of patient risk factors for CIN, including chronic kidney disease, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of risk differences between intravenous and intra-arterial contrast administration routes.

Main Results:

  • While CIN frequency may be lower than previously thought, it has no effective treatment and can impact mortality.
  • Key risk factors for CIN include chronic kidney disease, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus.
  • Intra-arterial administration carries a different risk profile compared to intravenous administration.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-procedure risk assessment for CIN is crucial in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging.
  • Preventive measures such as intravenous saline or sodium bicarbonate hydration may reduce CIN incidence.
  • Minimizing contrast media volume within recommended ranges is advised for at-risk patients.

Keywords:
contrast-induced nephropathypreventionrisk factor

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