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Health Care Experiences Among LGBTQ+ Adults: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Yen-Fan Lee1,2, Te-Sheng Chang3, Wan-Ru Wu4
1School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
The Journal of Nursing Research : JNR
|May 27, 2026
Summary
LGBTQ+ adults face significant healthcare barriers due to discrimination and exclusion. Addressing these structural inequities requires culturally sensitive reforms in clinical practice and policy for equitable care.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Qualitative Health Research
- Minority Health
Background:
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) adults encounter substantial discrimination and barriers in healthcare.
- These challenges negatively impact health outcomes and limit access to care.
- Limited comprehensive syntheses exist on LGBTQ+ healthcare experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically synthesize LGBTQ+ adults' healthcare experiences in formal settings.
- To identify stressors, care challenges, and identity negotiations.
- To interpret findings through the Minority Stress Model for healthcare providers.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology.
- Searched Chinese and English databases for relevant studies.
- Studies were screened, appraised, and synthesized with ConQual confidence assessment.
Main Results:
- Included 23 qualitative studies with 70 findings, 15 categories, and 7 synthesized findings.
- Identified themes: heteronormative assumptions, internalized stigma, identity concealment, structural inaccessibility, healthcare alienation, and care withdrawal.
- Affirming care and social support were found to enhance trust and identity empowerment.
Conclusions:
- LGBTQ+ patient experiences highlight structural stress and health inequities.
- Urgent need for structural reforms in clinical practice, health policies, and professional education.
- Promoting culturally sensitive, equity-oriented care is essential for LGBTQ+ populations.
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