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Updated: May 28, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
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Effects of Cognitive, Simulator, and Real-World Training on Novice Driver Gaze Behaviour: A Pre-Post Study.

Prem Sudhakar Lawrence1, Aiswaryah Radhakrishnan1

  • 1Department of Optometry, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
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Different driver training programs improve novice drivers' visual attention and safety. Cognitive training enhances road monitoring, simulator training reduces errors, and real-world driving adjusts scanning patterns, suggesting a multimodal approach is best.

Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Traffic safety

Background:

  • Novice drivers exhibit poor visual scanning and higher crash risks compared to experienced drivers.
  • Driver training programs can significantly influence gaze behavior and driving performance.
  • Understanding how different training modalities affect visual attention is crucial for improving novice driver safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of cognitive, simulator-based, and real-world training on visual attention and driving outcomes in novice drivers.
  • To investigate modality-specific changes in gaze behavior and visuomotor performance following training.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty novice drivers were randomized into three groups: cognitive training, game-based simulator training, or supervised real-world driving.
Keywords:
driving simulatoreye-trackinghazard perceptionnovice driversvisual attentionvisual search

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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  • Assessments included visuomotor performance, attentional cueing, simulator errors, and eye-tracking measures (dwell-time, first-fixation order).
  • Training lasted 10 consecutive days, followed by post-training assessments.

    • Main Results:

    • Cognitive training improved visuomotor performance and forward road monitoring.
    • Simulator training led to the greatest reduction in driving errors, especially lane deviations.
    • Real-world driving training significantly altered visual scanning, particularly rear-view mirror use.
    • All training modalities shifted gaze towards safety-relevant areas of interest.

    Conclusions:

    • Driver training programs modify novice drivers' gaze behavior in modality-specific ways.
    • Cognitive, simulator, and real-world training each offer unique benefits for visual attention and performance.
    • A multimodal training approach may be most effective for enhancing overall visual attention and driving safety in novice drivers.