Dual-Column HS-GC-FID/FID Method for In-Depth Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Volatile Alcohols in Postmortem
Paweł Szpot1, Olga Wachełko2, Kaja Tusiewicz2
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 4 J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego Street, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
Journal of Xenobiotics
|May 27, 2026
Summary
A new headspace gas chromatography method accurately determines ethanol and volatile compounds in biological fluids for forensic use. This validated method ensures reliable results for forensic toxicology cases.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Toxicology
- Analytical Chemistry
- Chromatography
Background:
- Forensic analysis of biological fluids requires reliable methods for volatile compounds.
- Existing methods for ethanol determination may lack standardization and employ inappropriate techniques.
- Accurate quantification of ethanol and other volatile compounds is crucial for legal proceedings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a robust headspace gas chromatography with dual-column and dual flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID/FID) method.
- To determine ethanol and other low-molecular-weight volatile compounds in biological samples for forensic applications.
- To address the lack of unified principles in forensic alcohol analysis and propose methodological recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Headspace gas chromatography with dual-column and dual flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID/FID).
- Utilized Zebron ZB-BAC1 and ZB-BAC2 columns for separation.
- Validated the method for linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and carryover.
Main Results:
- The method showed excellent linearity (R²=0.997-0.999) from 0.05-5.0‱.
- Achieved a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05‱ and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.025‱.
- Demonstrated high precision and accuracy (both <5%) and was successfully applied in forensic casework.
Conclusions:
- The developed HS-GC-FID/FID method offers accurate and reliable quantification of ethanol and volatile compounds in biological fluids.
- The study identified a need for globally unified principles in forensic alcohol analysis.
- Recommendations are provided to enhance the evidential reliability of ethanol analysis in forensic toxicology.
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