Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Peripheral(-Muscle) Oxygenation and Perfusion Score (POP-Score): A New Non-Invasive Tool Associated with Elevations in C-Reactive Protein Levels in Neonates.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Plasma Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Levels Correlate with Disease Activity and Are Associated with Altered Thrombin Generation in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Preterm Noonan syndrome with generalised venolymphatic malformation.

Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition·2026
Same author

Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD)-A Single-Center Experience of Epidemiology, Management, and Outcome.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Monitoring Parameters During the Immediate Postnatal Transition Period and Inflammatory Markers in the First Two Days After Birth-A Retrospective Data Analysis.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Organ transplantation in Fontan patients-beware of false promises.

JHLT open·2026
Same journal

Health Outcomes of Patients with Distal Urea Cycle Disorders Detected by Newborn Screening: Data from the Spanish National Registry.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
Same journal

Ethical and Clinical Boundaries in Genomics & Newborn Screening: A Brief Report from IPIC2025.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
Same journal

Implementation of a Prospective Birth Cohort for Newborn Screening and Early Linkage to Comprehensive Sickle Cell Disease Care in a Low-Resource Setting.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
Same journal

Transitioning from Laboratory-Developed Tests to a Single Commercial Reagent Kit in a National Newborn Screening Program: Impact on Analytical Performance and Harmonization.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
Same journal

Development of Dried Blood Spot Proficiency Testing Materials for Newborn Screening of Lysosomal Diseases Using Recombinant Enzymes.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
Same journal

A Four-Year Prospective Pilot Study of Newborn Screening for Late-Onset Proximal Urea-Cycle Disorders in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan.

International journal of neonatal screening·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques
11:28

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Early Infancy: Rethinking Diagnostic Cut-Offs-A Retrospective Analysis.

Daniel Pfurtscheller1, Carola Ganzer1, Ena Suppan1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.

International Journal of Neonatal Screening
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining absolute and relative conjugated bilirubin (CB) thresholds significantly improves early detection of neonatal cholestatic liver disease (CLD). This dual approach enhances diagnostic efficiency by maintaining high sensitivity and reducing unnecessary investigations in infants.

Keywords:
biliary atresiabilirubin cut-off valuesconjugated hyperbilirubinemianeonatal cholestatic liver disease

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques
11:28

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants signals potential hepatobiliary dysfunction.
  • Early diagnosis of cholestatic liver disease (CLD), especially biliary atresia, is critical.
  • Current guidelines use an absolute threshold for conjugated bilirubin (CB) ≥ 1 mg/dL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if combining absolute and relative CB thresholds improves CLD diagnostic performance.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of a dual CB threshold criterion.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of infants (≤6 months) with CB ≥ 1 mg/dL.
  • Data from 257 infants were analyzed.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed diagnostic performance of absolute and combined CB thresholds.

Main Results:

  • 47 out of 257 infants (18%) were diagnosed with CLD.
  • The combined criterion (CB ≥ 1 mg/dL and ≥20% of total bilirubin) showed 100% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity.
  • Diagnostic efficiency nearly doubled, reducing the number needed to screen from 5.5 to 2.7.

Conclusions:

  • A combined approach using absolute (≥1 mg/dL) and relative (≥20% of total bilirubin) CB thresholds enhances neonatal CLD detection.
  • This method maintains full sensitivity while reducing false positives.
  • The combined threshold improves diagnostic efficiency in early infancy.