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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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An 820uW Low Jitter Digital Injection-Locked PLL Using Differential Multi-Phase Injection and Self-Calibration for

Zhen Li, Mingxuan Zheng, Fan Yang

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |May 27, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces an energy-efficient digital injection-locked phase-locked loop (ILPLL) for the 2.4 GHz band. It achieves low jitter and reduced power consumption, enabling battery-free wireless data transmission.

    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Integrated Circuit Design
    • Wireless Communication

    Background:

    • Conventional analog phase-locked loops face limitations in power, area, and robustness.
    • The 2.4 GHz ISM band is crucial for various wireless applications, demanding efficient signal generation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel digital injection-locked phase-locked loop (ILPLL) architecture.
    • To achieve high energy efficiency and low jitter for 2.4 GHz applications.
    • To enable battery-free wireless data transmission for systems like electrocardiogram monitoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a digital injection-locking architecture with a differential multi-phase injection technique.
    • Implemented digital calibration for injection pulse timing and width to mitigate process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations.

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    Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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  • Fabricated the ILPLL in a 28-nm CMOS process.
  • Main Results:

    • Achieved 542 fs RMS jitter at 2.4 GHz.
    • Suppressed spurs to -65.8 dBc.
    • Consumed only 820 µW from a 0.6 V supply, demonstrating state-of-the-art energy efficiency.
    • Successfully integrated into an SoC for in vitro clinical trials, providing a local oscillator for radio frequency front-end.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed digital ILPLL offers superior energy efficiency and low jitter compared to conventional analog designs.
    • Digital calibration ensures robust performance across PVT variations.
    • The technology enables battery-free wireless transmission of critical health data, showcasing its potential in medical applications.