Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
07:00
Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking
Published on: April 30, 2020
Fixed Versus Lottery Incentives for Promoting Engagement With a Cadence-Based Smartphone App: Randomized Crossover
Kosuke Hayashi1,2, Hiromitsu Imai3, Ichiro Oikawa4
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, 8795593, Japan, 81 975865952.
JMIR Formative Research
|May 27, 2026
Abstract
Unlabelled:
In a randomized crossover trial of 20 participants, a cadence-based smartphone app using either fixed or lottery financial incentives showed no significant difference in weekly challenge completions, daily steps, or distance, although fixed incentives may be preferable for their implementation simplicity.
Related Concept Videos
01:13Randomized Experiments
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
01:16Crossover Experiments
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.