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Updated: May 29, 2026

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles
Published on: March 1, 2024
Structural regulation and performance enhancement of sulfonated lignin in functional applications: A review
Xun Zhang1, Zi You1, Yihan Li1
1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Abstract:
In recent years, the high-value utilization of lignin and its derivatives have received widespread attention. Sulfonated lignin (SL) is an important functional lignin derivative derived from the sulfonation modification of natural or industrial lignin, which has a wide range of applications in several fields. The structural differences of SL directly determine its characteristics, thereby affecting its performance. Based on analyzing the main structure and physicochemical properties of SL, this article summarizes its main application areas, and focuses on different modification strategies in functional application fields such as adsorbents, dispersants, flocculants, and water-reducing agents. Meanwhile, it reviews the role of Density Functional Theory calculations in investigating the mechanisms of structural modification and performance enhancement of SL. Finally, in view of the current limitations in structural regulation of SL, some new strategies are proposed to achieve precise optimization of its performance.
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Introduction to Functional Groups
Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...

