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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Published on: April 22, 2019

MMP-9 Genotypes Serve as Oral Cancer Predictive Marker for Smokers.

Liang-Chun Shih1,2,3, Che-Lun Hsu2,3, Ya-Chen Yang4

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Anticancer Research
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism does not predict oral cancer risk in Taiwan. However, the TT genotype combined with smoking significantly increases oral cancer susceptibility, suggesting a gene-environment interaction.

Keywords:
Betel quid chewingdrinkinggenotypematrix metalloproteinase-9oral cancerpolymorphismsmoking

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Published on: November 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Oral cancer is a significant health issue in Taiwan.
  • Tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid are key environmental risk factors.
  • Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is linked to tumor invasion and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between MMP-9 genotypes (rs3918242) and oral cancer susceptibility in Taiwan.
  • To explore potential gene-environment interactions with smoking, alcohol, and betel quid chewing.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 958 oral cancer patients and 958 controls.
  • Genotyping of MMP-9 rs3918242 using PCR-RFLP.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between MMP-9 genotypes (CT, TT) and overall oral cancer risk.
  • Allelic analysis and genetic models also showed no significant associations.
  • A significant gene-environment interaction was observed: smokers with the TT genotype had a higher oral cancer risk (adjusted OR=1.91).

Conclusions:

  • MMP-9 rs3918242 variants are not reliable predictors of oral cancer in the Taiwanese population.
  • The TT genotype may interact with cigarette smoking to elevate oral cancer susceptibility.
  • Further research in diverse populations and mechanistic studies are needed.