Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
07:39
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging
Published on: June 14, 2021
Zoliflodacin for Urogenital Gonorrhea Infections
Joshua T Wollen1, Abdulwhab Shremo Msdi1, Taryn Eubank1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, TX, USA.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Zoliflodacin shows efficacy against multidrug-resistant gonorrhea, offering a new oral treatment option. Further evaluation is needed for pharyngeal and rectal infections.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Clinical Trials
Background:
- Gonorrhea, caused by *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, presents a growing challenge due to multidrug resistance (MDR).
- Existing treatments, like ceftriaxone, face increasing resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic agents.
- Uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea requires effective and safe treatment options for adults and adolescents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of zoliflodacin.
- To assess zoliflodacin's potential as a treatment for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea.
- To evaluate zoliflodacin in adult and pediatric populations (12+ years).
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central, etc.).
- Inclusion of preclinical, pharmacokinetic, and clinical trial data up to February 12, 2026.
- Analysis focused on zoliflodacin's effectiveness against *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, including MDR strains.
Main Results:
- Zoliflodacin demonstrates efficacy against MDR *N. gonorrhoeae* with high urogenital cure rates.
- Phase II and III trials support single-dose zoliflodacin as a ceftriaxone alternative.
- Efficacy for pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea requires further investigation; no increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations observed.
Conclusions:
- Zoliflodacin is a novel, first-in-class spiropyrimidinetrione antibiotic for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea.
- It offers a promising oral alternative, especially for patients with cephalosporin allergies or MDR infections.
- Continued surveillance is crucial to monitor resistance patterns with increased zoliflodacin use.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis
Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
01:17Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
01:26Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
01:25Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...