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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

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Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
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Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
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Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

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β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
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Correction: Pramesthi et al. Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia's National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children's Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3575.

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Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Prebiotics Improve Blood Pressure Control by Modulating Gut Microbiome Composition and Function: A Systematic Review

Abdulwhab Shremo Msdi1, Elisabeth M Wang1, Kevin W Garey1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.

Nutrients
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary fibers (DFs) and prebiotics can lower blood pressure (BP) by altering gut bacteria and increasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This review highlights their potential for managing hypertension through gut-microbiota modulation.

Keywords:
human healthhypertensionmicrobiomeprebioticshort-chain fatty acidssymbiotic

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Dietary fibers (DFs) are linked to reduced blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Mechanisms for DFs' antihypertensive effects are not fully understood.
  • Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production are potential mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze how DFs influence BP regulation.
  • To evaluate the role of gut microbial composition and SCFA production in BP modulation.
  • To assess the efficacy of prebiotics in managing hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (Jan 2014-Dec 2024).
  • Inclusion of interventional studies on DFs/prebiotics, BP, and gut microbiota/SCFA changes.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis of human trials and analysis of animal studies.

Main Results:

  • Prebiotic intervention significantly reduced SBP (-8.5 mmHg) and DBP (-5.2 mmHg) in hypertensive cohorts.
  • Animal studies showed consistent BP-lowering effects.
  • Prebiotics increased SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacteria) and SCFA levels, modulating immune, vascular, and neurohormonal pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Prebiotic supplementation shows promise for BP homeostasis in hypertensive patients.
  • Benefits are likely mediated by gut microbiota modulation and enhanced SCFA production.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota is a viable strategy for cardiovascular health.