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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...

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Comparison of general anesthesia and deep sedation for complex atrial ablation procedures using a lattice-tip catheter with monopolar pulsed field and radiofrequency ablation.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026
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Pulsed Field or Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation - insights from acute and chronic electroanatomic remapping in the randomized SINGLE-SHOT CHAMPION trial.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
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Predictors of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy in patients undergoing AV nodal ablation: insights from a Delphi process and retrospective cohort study.

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PVI Durability After PFA or RFA in Persistent-AF: Insights From a Mandated Prospective Remapping Study.

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Autonomic effects and ablation success after pulsed field and cryoballoon ablation: a SINGLE SHOT CHAMPION substudy.

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

When the Pacemaker Goes Rogue: Pacemaker-Induced Tachycardia, Syncope, and Car Crash.

Hanna Grogg1, Nikola Kozhuharov1, Andreas Haeberlin1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, unibe.ch.

Case Reports in Cardiology
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia (PMT) can cause syncope and hemodynamic instability. Reprogramming an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) effectively managed PMT in a patient with heart disease, preventing further episodes.

Keywords:
hemodynamic instabilitypacemaker reprogrammingpacemaker-mediated tachycardia (PMT)retrograde conductionsyncope

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Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing
06:14

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing

Published on: January 6, 2023

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing
06:14

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing

Published on: January 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • A 78-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) experienced syncope preceding a car accident.
  • Initial investigations ruled out acute coronary syndrome and neurological causes for the syncope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of syncope in a patient with an ICD.
  • To evaluate the role of pacemaker-mediated tachycardia (PMT) in inducing syncope and hemodynamic instability.

Main Methods:

  • Device interrogation revealed a history of PMT, which was subsequently provoked via atrial threshold testing.
  • The induced PMT resulted in significant symptomatic hypotension (mean blood pressure < 50 mmHg).
  • Management involved reprogramming the dual-chamber ICD (DR ICD) from DDD to DDIR mode to prevent atrial tracking and terminate PMT.

Main Results:

  • Reprogramming the DR ICD effectively terminated PMT episodes.
  • The patient experienced no further episodes of presyncope or syncope during follow-up.
  • The adjusted device settings prevented recurrent PMT, resolving the patient's symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia can precipitate severe hemodynamic instability and syncope, particularly in patients with underlying cardiac dysfunction.
  • Meticulous evaluation and reprogramming of cardiac devices are crucial for managing PMT and preventing associated adverse events.
  • Mode switching in ICDs is an effective strategy to manage PMT when other programming adjustments are not feasible.