Health-related sustainable development goals: A comparative study of selected countries worldwide

Implementation of health development programs contributes to economic growth, poverty eradication, educational achievements, reductions in inequalities, and environmental sustainability. However, several obstacles limit the progress of quantitative indicators after the implementation of these programs. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study of health-related sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Iran and selected countries worldwide. This mixedater-method research includes qualitative and quantitative phases. The qualitative phase involves a systematic review using a framework analysis approach, while the quantitative phase employs meta-analysis to compare Iran with selected countries from the European and Eastern Mediterranean regions, utilizing a judgmental sampling method. Data were collected from the WHO website. The countries included in the study are Iran, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, and Italy. Comparative studies of these countries were based on criteria such as health policies, financing, planning, and health indicators. The findings from the comparative study and the experiences of the investigated countries, alongside existing limitations and capacities, informed suggestions for the country's development planning. Iran's life expectancy is 77.3 years, which is relatively low. In terms of maternal mortality ratio, Iran ranks sixth among the selected countries. Additionally, Iran has the highest rates of under-five mortality and infant mortality. The service coverage index stands at 74%, indicating low coverage. Immunization coverage is notably high; however, the density of healthcare professionals-including doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, and pharmacists-was found to be insufficient. Furthermore, public health expenditures by the Iranian government were higher than those of other countries. Iran has made significant efforts to improve health indicators, but to control and reduce certain metrics, it requires careful planning and effective management of related issues. Prioritizing the indicators where Iran is lagging necessitates the utmost attention from decision-makers.