Maxillofacial Trauma in Abuse Victims-A Narrative Review

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) impacts individuals across all demographics, causing significant harm within intimate relationships and families. Forms of abuse include physical, sexual, financial, and psychological. Many instances go unreported due to fear and stigma. DVA is now recognized as a significant global health and human rights issue. DVA abusers are predominantly young or middle-aged males, though females can also be perpetrators. Abuse victims include women, men, and various familial relationships. Male IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) victims often face societal stigma in seeking help. While clinical focus has been on female victims, awareness for male victims is increasing. Studies document the prevalence and nature of injuries from DVA, with facial injuries being common. This literature review aims to emphasize the importance of raising awareness and implementing effective screening methods among healthcare professionals, as well as to alert lawmakers and government officials to the seriousness of this often-overlooked issue in society.

Injuries from IPV are caused by factors like mental illness, substance abuse, and financial or emotional dependence. Societal issues and economic instability contribute to IPV. Unemployment and low educational levels are significant risk factors, with alcohol exacerbating aggression, often resulting in oral and maxillofacial injuries.

A comprehensive approach with universal screening, tailored guidelines, and training is essential for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to identify and support IPV victims effectively, especially in the Indian scenario.