Learning ordinal representation across MRI sequences for liver fibrosis staging

Accurate liver fibrosis staging (LFS) is important for the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with liver diseases. Noncontrast MRI is suitable for early screening and long-term monitoring in clinical practice. However, due to the lack of contrast-enhanced details, and given the continuous progression of liver fibrosis and the subtle differences between stages, the use of noncontrast MRI for LFS requires further exploration.

Here, we develop and evaluate a fine-grained deep learning pipeline using noncontrast MRI for precise and improved diagnosis.

To reflect variations across progression stages, we propose a fine-grained diagnostic model to capture ordinal representation from noncontrast MRI in 450 cases. We employ a multi-scale learning strategy and a learnable attention mechanism to enhance information utilization across noncontrast MRI sequences. Furthermore, we propose a novel hybrid contrastive triplet learning method and a weighted strategy to address the imbalance across progression stages and improve diagnostic performance.

The proposed fine-grained diagnostic model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.877, outperforming the existing LFS model, deep learning baselines, and general MRI-based diagnostic models. For identifying cirrhosis as the endpoint of fibrosis, the AUC further increased to 0.930. The combined use of UMAP clustering and gradient-based attribution methods revealed meaningful feature patterns and predictive mechanisms, demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach for fine-grained diagnosis.

The proposed fine-grained deep learning model effectively leverages multisequence noncontrast MRI for precise LFS and demonstrates improved diagnostic performance.