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Updated: May 29, 2026
Through the Looking Glass: Time-lapse Microscopy and Longitudinal Tracking of Single Cells to Study Anti-cancer Therapeutics
Published on: May 14, 2016
Cancer patients' experiences of "time toxicity": a qualitative meta-synthesis
Ziyi Li1, Yanli Liu2, Jiazhuo Zhang1
1School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Objective:
To systematically review and synthesize qualitative studies on cancer patients' experiences of time toxicity, providing evidence to inform policy making.
Methods:
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and other databases for qualitative studies on cancer patients' experiences of time toxicity, from database inception to November 2025. Included studies were appraised using the 2016 edition of the JBI quality appraisal criteria for qualitative research from the Joanna Briggs Institute (Australia). Results were synthesized using an aggregation approach for meta-synthesis.
Results:
Ten studies were included. Forty-one themes were extracted, which were grouped into 11 categories and further consolidated into 4 synthesized findings: (1) multidimensional sources of time toxicity; (2) negative impacts of time toxicity; (3) coping strategies adopted to address time toxicity; and (4) positive experiences from investing time in treatment.
Conclusions:
Time toxicity has multidimensional effects on cancer patients' daily rhythms, psychological states, and social roles, and requires coordinated attention from healthcare professionals, society, and policy makers. Future efforts should build systemic support through integrating healthcare resources, optimizing service processes, and strengthening social support to reduce patients' time toxicity.
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