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Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Measuring Rates of Herbicide Metabolism in Dicot Weeds with an Excised Leaf Assay
10:49

Measuring Rates of Herbicide Metabolism in Dicot Weeds with an Excised Leaf Assay

Published on: September 7, 2015

Mechanistic Model for Simulating Pesticide Uptake into Maize Pollen.

Arno Rein1, Stefan Trapp2, Klaus Hammel3

  • 1Chair of Hydrogeology, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seed coatings can transfer pesticides to crop pollen, harming pollinators. A new model simulates this pesticide uptake, predicting risks from soil-applied chemicals for crucial insect populations.

Keywords:
insecticidesplant uptake modelingpollinator exposureseed applicationspray applicationxylem and phloem flux

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Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat
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Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Seed coatings protect crops but can lead to pollinator exposure to pesticide residues.
  • Understanding pesticide translocation into plant reproductive parts is vital for pollinator safety assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend a dynamic pesticide uptake model to include flower compartments (nectar and pollen).
  • To simulate and assess pesticide exposure risks to pollinators from seed coating and spray applications.

Main Methods:

  • Extended a dynamic pesticide uptake model to incorporate maize flower compartments.
  • Simulated field experiments involving seed/soil and spray pesticide applications.
  • Fitted dissipation half-lives for imidacloprid in pollen, comparing model predictions with observations.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully simulated field experiments for both seed/soil and spray applications.
  • Simulated dissipation rates (growth dilution, degradation) were often lower than empirical loss rates due to continuous soil delivery.
  • Fitted imidacloprid half-lives in pollen ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 days, aligning with spray application observations.

Conclusions:

  • The model predicts that mobile, persistent, and nonvolatile soil chemicals can translocate to pollen.
  • This finding is significant for assessing risks from Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) chemicals.
  • The model can be integrated into broader frameworks for estimating pollinator exposure to pesticides.