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Relationship between Tourette Syndrome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Taiwan: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Hsuan Chang1, Chien-Yu Lin1, Tung-Han Tsai2
1School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Neuroepidemiology
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Tourette syndrome (TS) significantly increases the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These findings highlight the crucial association between TS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Tourette syndrome (TS) frequently co-occurs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
- Large-scale studies quantifying longitudinal risks using hazard ratios (HRs) are limited.
- This study addresses this gap by examining the risks of ASD, ADHD, and OCD in patients with TS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the longitudinal risks of ASD, ADHD, and OCD in patients diagnosed with TS.
- To conduct subgroup analyses based on age and sex.
- To quantify the association between TS and other neurodevelopmental disorders using hazard ratios.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using a nationwide population-based database.
- Inclusion of 7,986 patients with newly diagnosed TS (2002-2016), matched with four controls each.
- Follow-up from diagnosis until neurodevelopmental disorder occurrence, death, or end of 2018.
Main Results:
- Patients with TS showed significantly higher risks of ASD (aHR=2.2), ADHD (aHR=3.23), and OCD (aHR=5.18).
- Younger patients (<7 years) had higher risks for ASD and ADHD compared to older age groups.
- Male patients exhibited greater risks for ASD and ADHD than female patients.
Conclusions:
- Tourette syndrome is a significant risk factor for ASD, ADHD, and OCD.
- Individuals with TS face an elevated risk of developing these associated neurodevelopmental conditions.
- Further research is needed to explore underlying causes and detailed analyses of these associations.
Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAutism spectrum disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeMore Related Videos
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