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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Published on: February 1, 2016

Closing the loop on lithium refining.

Gang San Lee¹, Karthish Manthiram¹

¹Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This study presents an aqueous process for refining lithium from hardrock ores. The developed method is both economically viable and environmentally sustainable.

Area of Science:

Mineral Processing
Hydrometallurgy
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Traditional lithium extraction from hardrock ores often involves harsh chemicals and energy-intensive processes.
Growing demand for lithium necessitates more sustainable and cost-effective refining techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate an aqueous-based process for lithium hardrock refining.
To demonstrate the economic and environmental advantages of this novel refining approach.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel aqueous leaching and purification system tailored for lithium-bearing minerals.
Optimization of process parameters including temperature, pH, and reagent concentrations.
Comparative analysis of the aqueous process against conventional refining methods.

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Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

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Published on: March 7, 2022

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

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Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

Main Results:

The aqueous process achieved high lithium recovery rates from hardrock samples.
Significantly reduced environmental impact compared to traditional methods, with lower waste generation.
Favorable economic indicators, including lower operational costs and energy consumption.

Conclusions:

The developed aqueous process offers a promising, sustainable alternative for lithium hardrock refining.
This method presents a viable solution for meeting the increasing global demand for lithium responsibly.