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Shortening the SWAL-QOL: Is it possible to create a valid short form?

J S Sevitz1, D Harel2, M S Troche1

  • 1Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A shorter 15-item Swallowing-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) effectively measures quality of life in movement disorders. This validated tool maintains accuracy for dysphagia symptom assessment in conditions like Parkinson's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Quality of Life Research
  • Clinical Assessment Tools

Background:

  • Dysphagia is common in movement disorders, significantly impacting patients' quality of life.
  • The original Swallowing-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) is comprehensive but lengthy.
  • A need exists for a shorter, validated instrument to assess dysphagia's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a shortened version of the SWAL-QOL.
  • To maintain the psychometric properties of the original scale in a more concise format.
  • To assess the utility of the short-form SWAL-QOL in various movement disorder populations.

Main Methods:

  • A combinatoric approach was used to reduce the SWAL-QOL from 44 to 15 items (10 for quality of life, 5 for symptom profile).
  • The short-form's concurrent validity was tested in Parkinson's disease (PD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Cerebellar Ataxia (CA).
  • The scale's reliability and validity were assessed over time and across different movement disorder groups.

Main Results:

  • High correlations (0.91-0.98) were found between the short-form and original SWAL-QOL measures.
  • Cronbach's alpha indicated good internal consistency for the short-form (0.85 for QOL, 0.74 for symptom profile).
  • The 15-item SWAL-QOL demonstrated strong concurrent validity across PD, PSP, and CA populations, including longitudinal assessments.

Conclusions:

  • A 15-item SWAL-QOL was successfully developed and validated.
  • The shortened SWAL-QOL is a reliable and valid tool for assessing dysphagia-related quality of life in movement disorders.
  • This concise instrument offers a practical alternative for clinical use and research.