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Updated: May 31, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Broadband infrastructure development and illicit cigarette trade.

Zili Zhang¹, Jing Zeng², Rong Zheng³

¹Zhejiang Province "Eight-Eight Strategy" Innovative Development Think Tank Alliance, Zhejiang Province "Eight-Eight Strategy" Research Institute, China; School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, China.

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Summary

The Broadband China strategy significantly reduced illicit cigarette trade by 16.32% in cases and 18.28% in value. This digital infrastructure advancement enhances regulatory capacity, particularly in coastal and border cities.

Keywords:

Broadband China strategy Illicit cigarette trade Tobacco control

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Economics
Public Policy
Digital Infrastructure

Background:

Broadband infrastructure significantly impacts legitimate trade, but its effect on illicit markets remains understudied.
The illicit tobacco trade poses a substantial economic and public health challenge globally.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of China's Broadband China strategy on the illicit cigarette trade.
To investigate the mechanisms through which digital infrastructure influences illegal trade activities.

Main Methods:

Utilized Difference-in-Differences (DID) on panel data from nearly 300 Chinese cities (2011-2016).
Employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to address potential sample selection biases.
Conducted heterogeneity analysis to examine regional variations in the strategy's impact.

Main Results:

The Broadband China strategy led to a 16.32% decrease in illicit cigarette trade cases (p < 0.01) and an 18.28% reduction in trade value (p < 0.1).
A key mechanism identified is the increased deployment of urban surveillance cameras, enhancing digital regulatory capacity.
The strategy's deterrent effect was more pronounced in coastal and border cities compared to inland areas.

Conclusions:

Digital infrastructure, like broadband, offers a potent tool for combating illicit trade.
Findings suggest leveraging technological advancements in regulatory enforcement can effectively reduce illegal trade volumes.