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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
06:51

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

Published on: May 1, 2017

A cross-talk between p16High senescence and cellular reprogramming.

Alexander Emelyanov1, Dmitry V Bulavin1

  • 1Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular senescence, driven by p16, acts as a barrier to OSKM reprogramming by altering epigenetics. Clearing senescent cells enhances plasticity and enables reprogramming, offering rejuvenation strategies.

Keywords:
induced pluripotent stem cellsp16partial reprogrammingreprogrammingsenescence

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Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
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Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Published on: October 26, 2017

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
06:51

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

Published on: May 1, 2017

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
09:14

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Published on: October 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Cellular senescence and OSKM reprogramming are key regulators of cellular plasticity.
  • p16-driven senescence creates a barrier to reprogramming by limiting epigenetic flexibility.
  • Senescent cells remodel epigenetics and deplete SAM, impacting neighboring cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the molecular interplay between p16High senescence and OSKM reprogramming.
  • To highlight their dual roles in cell fate transitions.
  • To explore potential rejuvenation strategies based on partial reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on senescence and reprogramming.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including epigenetic remodeling and SAM metabolism.
  • Investigation of p16High cell resistance to reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • p16High senescence enforces a reprogramming barrier via epigenetic remodeling and SAM depletion.
  • Clearance of p16High cells restores SAM levels and enhances plasticity.
  • Partial reprogramming can reverse senescence features in p16High cells, with low teratoma risk.

Conclusions:

  • p16High senescence and OSKM reprogramming have a complex interplay, acting as both barriers and facilitators.
  • p16High cells' resistance to full reprogramming is crucial for safety in vivo.
  • Targeting p16High senescence offers potential for safe rejuvenation strategies.