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Language and Cognition01:27

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Published on: June 25, 2019

Cross-Linguistic Suffix Preference: Typological or Cognitive Bias?

Mikhail Ordin1,2, Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs3, Leona Polyanskaya3,4

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers investigated a suffixing bias in language, finding no evidence of a domain-general cognitive bias in Arabic speakers. Native language properties, not universal cognition, may explain why languages favor suffixes over prefixes.

Keywords:
artificial languagecognitive biaslanguage−cognition interactionstatistical learningsuffixing biastypological biastypology

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The origin of suffixing bias, where languages prefer suffixes over prefixes for grammatical meaning, remains unknown.
  • A leading hypothesis proposes a cognitive bias favoring suffix-like structures (variable ending after a fixed part).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of a domain-general cognitive bias for suffixing.
  • To determine if such a bias is universal or language-specific.

Main Methods:

  • An artificial language learning experiment was conducted with native Arabic speakers.
  • Arabic's vowel-template system minimizes native language typological influence on suffix/prefix processing.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of a cognitive bias favoring suffix-like structures was found in Arabic speakers.
  • Earlier observed cognitive biases may be influenced by participants' native language typology.

Conclusions:

  • A domain-general cognitive bias is unlikely to be the primary driver of suffixing bias in world languages.
  • The typological properties of a speaker's native language likely play a significant role in observed cognitive biases.
  • Further empirical research is needed to explore alternative origins of typological bias.