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Neuromotor Skills in Children With Incontinence Before and During Treatment
A von Gontard1, A Bick2, J Collisi2
1Governor Kremers Center, Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Neurourology and Urodynamics
|May 29, 2026
Summary
Children with incontinence exhibit poorer neuromotor skills, particularly in balance, which can improve with treatment. Treatment success does not impact neuromotor skill improvement in children with incontinence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Urology
Background:
- Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) are frequently linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs).
- Children with incontinence show a higher prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD), a specific ND.
- The long-term impact of neuromotor skill deficits and their relation to treatment outcomes in incontinent children remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively evaluate neuromotor skills in children with NE or DUI before and during treatment.
- To determine if neuromotor deficits associated with incontinence persist over time.
- To investigate the association between neuromotor skill changes and treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 59 children (ages 5-14) with NE or DUI and 58 matched continent controls were assessed.
- Neuromotor skills were evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2) at baseline (T1) and after 4 months of treatment (T2).
- Parental questionnaires, physical examinations, intelligence tests, psychiatric interviews (Kinder-DIPS), and child behavior assessments (CBCL) were also conducted.
Main Results:
- Children with incontinence demonstrated significantly poorer neuromotor skills compared to controls, especially in balance and aiming/catching.
- No significant difference in neuromotor skills was found between children with NE and DUI.
- Neuromotor balance skills improved significantly in incontinent children during treatment, particularly those with NE. Improvement was independent of treatment success or comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions:
- Children with incontinence exhibit impaired neuromotor skills, particularly in balance, which can be ameliorated through treatment.
- Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) should be considered in the clinical assessment of children with incontinence.
- Neuromotor skill improvement can occur with incontinence treatment alone, though specific interventions may be necessary for severe cases.
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