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Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
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What are Viruses?

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Biophysical approaches for studying viral entry.

Inbar Yosibash1,2, Raya Sorkin1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.

FEBS Letters
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Studying viral entry mechanisms is crucial for developing antiviral strategies. This review highlights microscopy biophysical methods to investigate how viruses attach, fuse, and release genomes into host cells.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16
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Measuring Attachment and Internalization of Influenza A Virus in A549 Cells by Flow Cytometry
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Measuring Attachment and Internalization of Influenza A Virus in A549 Cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: November 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Biophysics
  • Microscopy and Imaging Techniques

Background:

  • Viruses pose significant threats, causing epidemics and pandemics.
  • Understanding viral infection mechanisms is key to developing effective antiviral therapies.
  • Constant evolution of viruses necessitates advanced tools for studying host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of microscopy-based biophysical methods.
  • To highlight techniques for studying viral entry processes.
  • To cover both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopy-based biophysical techniques.
  • Extracellular experimental systems.
  • Methods probing viral attachment, fusion, and genome release.

Main Results:

  • Overview of selected microscopy-based biophysical methods.
  • Demonstration of techniques applicable to enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
  • Insights into viral entry mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced biophysical methods enhance understanding of viral infection initiation.
  • These techniques support the development of novel antiviral strategies.
  • Microscopy offers powerful tools for dissecting virus-host interactions.