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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

Overview
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

Synthetic DNA circuits for programming cell functions.

Miao Wang1, Wenfeng Tang1, Siqi Jiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology uses DNA circuits to program cells for complex tasks. These nucleic acid-based logic networks enable precise control of cellular functions, advancing precision therapeutics and biomanufacturing.

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Published on: December 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular programming
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Synthetic biology seeks to engineer cells as computational systems.
  • Nucleic acid-based logic networks offer precise control for cellular functions.
  • Advances in molecular programming are key to developing intelligent cellular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advances in molecular programming using synthetic DNA circuits.
  • To examine the integration of DNA circuits within cellular environments.
  • To discuss the shift towards in situ functional implementation of nucleic acid-based engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Delineation of fundamental building blocks: strand displacement, logic gates, amplifiers, and neuromorphic architectures.
  • Examination of strategies for interfacing synthetic DNA circuits with endogenous cellular pathways.
  • Focus on logic-gated control of cellular functions through DNA circuits.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of synthetic DNA circuits for logic-gated control of cellular functions.
  • Successful integration of molecular programming components within cellular environments.
  • Evidence of a paradigm shift towards in situ functional implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Programmable nucleic acid-based logic networks are versatile tools in synthetic biology.
  • These molecular controllers enable rational design of cellular behaviors.
  • Advancements pave the way for next-generation precision therapeutics and autonomous biomanufacturing.