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Updated: May 31, 2026

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Synthesis and Characterization of Conformationally Restricted Monocyclic Cyanine Dyes
Haichuang Lan1, Bin Yang1, Huayang Liang1
1College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
None:
Cyanine dyes are widely used fluorescent probes in bioimaging, yet conventional linear cyanine suffer from low fluorescence quantum yield, small Stokes shifts, poor photostability and chemical stability, due to rotational relaxation of the polymethine chain. In this work, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of cyclic monocyanine dyes, in which the methine bridge is cyclized to form a rigidified, partially asymmetric framework. This conformational restriction suppresses non-radiative decay pathways and reduces aggregation to give high fluorescence quantum yield (~ 5%) both in dilute solution and in the solid state. Meanwhile, symmetry breaking enhances Stokes shifts and minimizes self-absorption, highlighting its suitability for bioimaging.
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