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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

AAV Systems and Mouse Models for Investigating Ectopic Expression of Neurod1 in Transduced Cells at Subacute and Chronic Times Post-Ischemic Stroke
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AAV Systems and Mouse Models for Investigating Ectopic Expression of Neurod1 in Transduced Cells at Subacute and Chronic Times Post-Ischemic Stroke

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Engineering RVG-modified exosomes for targeting TGF-β1 signaling in stroke recovery.

Wang Zhao1, Lei Hao2, Jiangwei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
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Engineered exosomes (EXO-RVG-SD208) target brain TGF-β1 signaling after stroke. This promotes neural repair by remodeling astrocytes, enhancing synaptic activity, and improving functional recovery in mice.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke triggers complex astrocyte-neuron interactions.
  • Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation and impaired neuroplasticity.
  • Astrocytes are a primary source of TGF-β1 after stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TGF-β1 signaling in astrocyte-neuron interactions post-ischemic stroke.
  • To develop and evaluate a brain-targeted engineered exosome system (EXO-RVG-SD208) for neural repair.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic and multi-omics analyses identified stroke-induced TGF-β1 changes and targets.
  • EXO-RVG-SD208 was engineered for brain targeting and characterized.
Keywords:
AstrocytesExosomesIntegrated multi-omicsIschemic strokeSynaptic reconstructionTGF-β1

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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  • In vitro (OGD/R, co-culture) and in vivo (MCAO/R mouse model) studies assessed therapeutic effects on the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway, astrocyte remodeling, and neuronal function.

    • Main Results:

    • TGF-β1 was upregulated post-stroke, linked to neuroinflammation and reduced neuroplasticity.
    • EXO-RVG-SD208 successfully inhibited astrocytic TGF-β1/Smad2/3 activation.
    • Treatment improved astrocyte-neuron remodeling, synaptic activity, and functional recovery in a mouse stroke model, associated with mTOR, BDNF, and MAPK pathway regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • EXO-RVG-SD208 effectively delivers TGF-β1 inhibitors to the brain.
    • This nanodelivery strategy promotes astrocyte-neuron remodeling, synaptic reconstruction, and functional recovery.
    • EXO-RVG-SD208 represents a promising therapeutic approach for stroke rehabilitation.