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Intramuscular myxoma with chondroid features: two cases expanding the morphological spectrum
Bethany Batson1, Azfar Neyaz1, Lucas Da Gama Lobo2
1Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Histopathology
|May 30, 2026
Summary
Two intramuscular myxoma cases exhibited chondroid matrix, expanding the known spectrum of this benign tumor. This finding is crucial for accurate diagnosis and avoiding misclassification with other chondromyxoid neoplasms.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Radiology
Background:
- Intramuscular myxoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor characterized by spindle cells in myxoid stroma and GNAS mutations.
- Chondroid matrix has not been previously reported in intramuscular myxoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe two intramuscular myxomas with chondroid-type matrix.
- To review radiological, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings.
- To emphasize differential diagnostic considerations.
Main Methods:
- Case description of two intramuscular myxomas with chondroid matrix.
- Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of lesional cells.
- Molecular analysis including targeted and whole transcriptome sequencing.
- Radiological assessment using MRI.
Main Results:
- Case 1: Intramuscular myxoma with focal cartilaginous differentiation in the triceps.
- Case 2: Intramuscular myxoma with chondromyxoid matrix in the vastus medialis, showing GNAS mutation.
- Both tumors were deep intramuscular, T2 hyperintense, and showed peripheral/septal enhancement on MRI.
Conclusions:
- These cases demonstrate chondroid and chondromyxoid matrix in intramuscular myxoma, suggesting cartilaginous metaplasia.
- Recognizing this variant is essential to prevent misdiagnosis as other chondromyxoid neoplasms.
