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Artificial Intelligence Chatbots' Performance on Dental Trauma Case-based Queries: Examining the Effect of Prompt and
Seyed AmirHossein Ourang1, Bill Kahler2, William Nguyen Ha2
1Craniofacial Biology PhD Program, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Journal of Endodontics
|May 30, 2026
Summary
AI chatbot responses for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) improve with expert prompts. However, layperson questions yield less reliable guidance, highlighting a gap for patients seeking AI assistance for dental trauma.
Area of Science:
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Dental Traumatology
- Medical Informatics
Background:
- Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) necessitate immediate, accurate guidance.
- The impact of prompt phrasing on AI chatbot response quality for TDIs is largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate how different prompting strategies affect AI chatbot response quality for traumatic dental injuries.
- To compare layperson phrasing versus expert-guided prompts in AI responses for dental trauma scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Four dental trauma scenarios were created by endodontists.
- AI chatbots (Claude Sonnet 3.5, Microsoft Copilot, GPT-4, Gemini Pro 2.5) were queried using layperson and expert-guided prompts.
- Responses were rated for validity, completeness, and relevance by two independent evaluators.
Main Results:
- Expert-guided prompts significantly increased the odds of superior ratings for response validity (OR=1.82), completeness (OR=2.50), and relevance (OR=2.94).
- Responses to expert queries were more frequently deemed acceptable (score ≥ 4) in criterion-based and overall analyses (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- The quality of AI chatbot guidance for TDIs is strongly influenced by the specificity of the questions asked.
- Clinically structured prompts lead to more reliable AI responses, but patients typically use simpler phrasing.
- A significant limitation exists in current AI chatbot utility for TDIs, emphasizing the need for professional consultation.
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