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Navigating HIV-1 drug resistance: A comprehensive review of protease inhibitor efficacy and mutation dynamics
Kaile Yang1, Xiurong Sun2, Junbing Chen3
1School of Medical Imaging, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Abstract:
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) poses a significant threat to global public health. Protease, a critical enzyme in the HIV-1 life cycle, has long been regarded as an important therapeutic target. However, the emergence of drug resistance mutations enables HIV-1 to evade the inhibitory effects mediated by protease inhibitors (PIs), thereby compromising the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. This review analyzes the mechanisms of PI resistance and the specific mutation sites associated with reduced PI susceptibility. Furthermore, this review integrates current drug resistance testing methods and discusses emerging strategies for managing PI-resistant HIV-1.
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