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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Ultrafast versus Continuous-Wave Plasmonics: How Heat and Hot Electrons Drive Polymerization.

Liudmila Trotsiuk1,2, Artur Movsesyan3, Pascal Cheng4

  • 1Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS UMR 7076, University of Technology of Troyes, 10004 Troyes, France.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 31, 2026
PubMed
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Researchers used gold nanocubes to study hot electron and heat generation under different light conditions. They found that specific light modes and durations control polymerization, offering insights for efficient chemical reactions and optoelectronic devices.

Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanoparticle Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Hot carriers and heat generation in plasmonic nanoparticles are crucial for plasmon-assisted applications.
  • Controlling these effects is vital for chemical processes and device performance.
  • Distinguishing hot-electron effects from heat generation under continuous-wave (CW) irradiation is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hot-electron generation and heat production using polymerization of diazonium salts on gold nanocubes.
  • To evaluate the impact of continuous-wave (CW) and femtosecond (fs) irradiation on plasmonic modes.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving polymerization under different excitation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gold nanocubes for plasmonic studies.
Keywords:
gold nanoparticlehot electronlocalized surface plasmon resonancephotothermalultrafast heating

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  • Employed continuous-wave (CW) and femtosecond (fs) irradiation.
  • Analyzed polymerization of diazonium salts as a probe for hot-electron and heat effects.
  • Investigated polarization-dependent polymerization at plasmonic hot spots.

    • Main Results:

    • Continuous excitation of the quadrupole plasmonic mode drives hot-electron-mediated polymerization.
    • CW excitation of the dipole mode leads to chaotic growth driven by lattice heat.
    • Femtosecond excitation of the dipole mode results in controlled polymerization at hot spots due to synergistic hot-electron and vibrational heating effects.
    • Polymerization initiates at nanocube corners and accelerates at anchoring sites.

    Conclusions:

    • Femtosecond irradiation offers precise control over plasmonic-driven chemical reactions.
    • Understanding the interplay of hot electrons and lattice heating is key for optimizing plasmonic applications.
    • This work provides insights into ultrafast processes in nanoparticles for designing efficient chemical reactions and optoelectronic devices.