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Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs
09:23

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Published on: December 7, 2012

Response to Rationing by Assumption: De-implementation of Spinal Injections Requires Rigorous Comparative Evidence by

Lindsay A Ballengee1, Trevor A Lentz2, Christine Goertz3

  • 1Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, 215 Morris Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 311 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 W. Morgan Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA.

The Journal of Pain
|May 31, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

Keywords:
Chronic painde-implementationlow back painspinal injections

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...