Resistant Peanut Genotype Reprograms Rhizosphere Metabolism to Enhance Bacterial Wilt Suppression

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum compromises the yield and quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). While rhizosphere microbiome-assisted defense is known, how resistant plant genotypes orchestrate this process remains unclear. Here, we integrate multi-omics analyses of resistant and susceptible peanut genotypes to uncover a genotype-specific defense mechanism. The resistant genotype selectively recruits beneficial bacteria (e.g., Kosakonia and Frankia), which coincides with activated salicylic acid (SA)-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Crucially, we identify keystone rhizosphere metabolites (including betaine, arginine, and SA) that are positively correlated with both beneficial microbiome assembly and SAR gene expression, establishing a self-reinforcing defense loop. Leveraging these insights, we develop a prebiotic formulation that enhances beneficial microbial recruitment and stimulates SAR. Field trials demonstrate that the prebiotics reduce bacterial wilt incidence from 84.2% to 5.0% and increase yield by 12.9%-20.3%. Collectively, our study reveals a synergistic microbiome-immune co-regulation mechanism in peanut and delivers a translatable solution for sustainable disease management.