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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
05:50

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in

Maram Z Algharabeh1, Mu'taz M Dreidi2, Najwa M Subuh3

  • 1Faculty of Graduate Studies, Master Program in Nursing Neonate, Arab American University, Ramallah 240, Palestine.

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
|June 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants is linked to low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and oxygen exposure. Sepsis and intrauterine growth restriction also contribute significantly to BPD development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease in premature infants, impacting long-term respiratory, neurodevelopmental, and growth outcomes.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for mitigating BPD's impact on vulnerable preterm populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This study aimed to pinpoint key risk factors for BPD in preterm infants (born before 32 weeks gestation) within private hospitals in the North West Bank, Palestine.
  • The research focused on identifying preventable or manageable contributors to BPD.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative, retrospective cohort study involved 119 preterm infants born before 32 weeks gestation in tertiary private hospitals.
  • Data on demographics, maternal history, birth/neonatal factors, respiratory support, and infections were collected and analyzed using SPSS, including chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Significant risk factors for BPD included maternal preeclampsia (P=0.045) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  • Common maternal conditions were preeclampsia (44.5%) and eclampsia (47.9%). Neonatal complications included PDA (58.5%), retinopathy of prematurity (31%), and sepsis (60.5%).
  • All infants required mechanical ventilation (MV) and surfactant; 75.6% needed immediate intubation due to severe respiratory distress.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight, gestational age, prolonged MV, and oxygen exposure are significant BPD risk factors.
  • Sepsis and intrauterine growth restriction further contribute to BPD development.
  • Optimized respiratory management, early detection, and enhanced prenatal/neonatal care are vital for reducing BPD incidence and severity.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaMechanical ventilationNeonatal intensive care unitOxygen therapyPreterm infantsRisk factors

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