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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
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Published on: August 5, 2015

Porous bismuth-based liquid metal as multifunctional material.

Ju Wang1,2,3, Yan Wang1,2,3, Yunlong Bai1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Iscience
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed lightweight porous bismuth alloys using a sugar-templating method. This creates advanced materials with tunable properties for load-bearing and electromagnetic applications.

Keywords:
Applied sciencesMaterials scienceMaterials synthesisNanomaterials

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Advanced Manufacturing

Background:

  • Liquid metals offer potential for multifunctional materials.
  • Gallium alloys have limitations (density, oxidation, leakage).
  • Bismuth alloys present advantages (rigidity, heat-induced softening).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop lightweight porous bismuth-based liquid alloys.
  • To create materials with tailored pore structures and reduced weight.
  • To preserve electrical conductivity and thermal response while adding functionality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sugar-sacrificial-templating strategy.
  • Controlled sieved particle size of the sugar template for pore structure.
  • Fabricated lightweight porous bismuth-based liquid alloys.

Main Results:

  • Reduced original metal weight by over 50%.
  • Preserved electrical conductivity and phase-change thermal response.
  • Achieved tunable pore structures, electromagnetic shielding, and mass transport capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The sugar-templating method enables the creation of lightweight, multifunctional bismuth alloys.
  • Pore network design influences stress concentration and electromagnetic wave scattering.
  • The developed materials offer load-bearing capacity, mass delivery, and tunable electromagnetic protection.