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Proactive Health Profiling and Classification of Older Adults with Multimorbidity in Rural China: A Qualitative Study
Xiaoge Liu1, Haobin Liang1, Yingru Huang1
1Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
|June 1, 2026
Summary
Rural older adults with multiple chronic conditions manage their health proactively in diverse ways. Understanding these varied patterns is key to improving chronic disease management for this population.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Qualitative Research
Background:
- Multimorbidity is prevalent among older adults, particularly in rural settings.
- Proactive health management is crucial for managing multiple chronic conditions effectively.
- Existing health promotion strategies may not adequately address the diverse needs of rural older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and classify proactive health management patterns among rural older adults with multimorbidity.
- To understand the factors influencing these health management patterns.
- To inform the development of tailored chronic disease management interventions.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive qualitative study employing user persona methodology.
- Semi-structured interviews conducted with 33 rural older adults (≥60 years) with ≥2 chronic conditions in South China.
- Data analysis using NVivo 12 to extract behavioral characteristics and construct user personas.
Main Results:
- Five distinct user personas for proactive health management were identified: tradition-oriented self-management, low perceived risk management, family-delegated management, resource-constrained striving, and actively learning management.
- Health management patterns are shaped by cultural beliefs, family dynamics, and resource availability.
- Significant heterogeneity exists in how rural older adults with multimorbidity approach proactive health management.
Conclusions:
- Rural older adults with multimorbidity display diverse health management strategies.
- A one-size-fits-all approach to health promotion is insufficient for this population.
- Tailored interventions considering individual personas and contextual factors are necessary for effective chronic disease management.
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