A Successfully Treated Case of Mycobacterium chelonae Pulmonary Infection and a Literature Review (1990-2025)

This study aims to evaluate the pharmaceutical interventions conducted by clinical pharmacists in the case of a 59-year-old patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and a suspected infection, focusing on pathogen identification and the formulation of a safe and effective treatment plan.

Through clinical consultation, pharmacists conducted an evaluation of the patient's underlying conditions and clinical manifestations, leading to the suspicion of a high probability of Mycobacterium chelonae infection. Consequently, they recommended a treatment regimen in accordance with guidelines for non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, consisting of azithromycin 0.5 g and moxifloxacin 0.4 g administered orally once daily, accompanied by dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.

The patient became afebrile by day 3. At day 14, inflammatory markers had normalised, and no clinically significant adverse drug reactions were observed during short-term follow-up.

In this case, PTseq supported early hypothesis generation and timely antimicrobial stewardship. The azithromycin-moxifloxacin regimen was associated with short-term clinical improvement; however, confirmatory microbiologic evidence, susceptibility guidance, and longer follow-up are needed before drawing generalized conclusions.