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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

Atomically Precise Polyanionic Boron Cluster Agents with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity.

Yueying Wang1, Balamurugan Arumugam2, Evan Doud1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Precision Chemistry
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New dodecaborate-based clusters show promise as broad-spectrum antivirals. These compounds exhibit low toxicity and inhibit viruses like HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV), offering a new scaffold for antiviral drug design.

Keywords:
CMVHIV-1antiviral activitydodecaborate clustersfunctionalization chemistry

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Published on: May 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Virology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The need for broad-spectrum antivirals is critical, highlighted by pandemics like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
  • Previous antiviral systems like polyanionic polymers and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show promise but lack defined structure-activity relationships due to variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize well-defined dodecaborate-based clusters with dense surface functionalization.
  • To evaluate the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of these novel compounds against enveloped viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dodecaborate clusters functionalized with charged ligands.
  • In vitro testing for antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV).
  • Assessment of cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • Several synthesized dodecaborate-based compounds demonstrated significant antiviral activity.
  • These compounds exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells.
  • The well-defined nature of the clusters facilitates structure-activity relationship studies.

Conclusions:

  • Dodecaborate-based clusters represent a promising scaffold for developing novel antiviral agents.
  • Further studies can elucidate the impact of ligand identity, size, and charge density on antiviral efficacy.
  • This research may guide the future design of effective, broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.