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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published on: August 8, 2025
Ata Firouzi1, Alireza Mousavi Majd2, Sedigheh Saedi3
1Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Transhepatic venous access is a viable alternative for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in patients with interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) when traditional femoral access is impossible. This approach offers expanded therapeutic options for complex cardiac cases.
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