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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
05:45

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5

Published on: April 26, 2019

Syphilitic proctitis presenting as rectal bleeding.

Abhijeet Sugriv Ghodke1, Amol Dahale2, Debabrata Banerjee3

  • 1Medical Gastroenterology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syphilitic proctitis, a rare rectal infection by Treponema pallidum, often mimics other conditions. Early diagnosis and penicillin treatment are crucial for recovery and preventing spread.

Keywords:
EndoscopyGI bleedingInfection (gastroenterology)Sexual transmitted infections (bacterial)Syphilis

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The Pocket-Creation Procedure of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Rectal Laterally Spreading Tumors
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Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
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The Pocket-Creation Procedure of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Rectal Laterally Spreading Tumors
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The Pocket-Creation Procedure of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Rectal Laterally Spreading Tumors

Published on: February 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Syphilitic proctitis is an uncommon manifestation of Treponema pallidum infection.
  • It frequently presents with non-specific symptoms, leading to underdiagnosis, especially without systemic signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering Treponema pallidum infection in patients presenting with unexplained rectal bleeding.
  • To emphasize early diagnosis and treatment of syphilitic proctitis.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a male patient in his 30s with isolated rectal bleeding.
  • Diagnostic methods included sigmoidoscopy, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing, and rectal ulcer histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Sigmoidoscopy showed superficial ulcers, erythematous mucosa, and focal erosions.
  • VDRL testing and histopathology confirmed syphilitic proctitis.
  • The patient achieved complete symptom resolution after treatment with intramuscular benzathine penicillin.

Conclusions:

  • Syphilitic proctitis should be considered in patients with unexplained rectal bleeding, particularly those with a history of unprotected sexual activity.
  • Prompt recognition and antibiotic therapy are vital for preventing complications and transmission.