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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
08:59

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: January 5, 2017

Skin Cancer - Perineural Tumor Spread.

Shawn Kennemuth1, Katie Suzanne Traylor1, Barton F Branstetter1

  • 1Neuroradiology Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews MR imaging and computed tomography for detecting perineural tumor spread from skin cancers into the orbit. Early detection via these imaging methods is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomaCTCutaneous lesionsMRIOrbitPerineural spreadSquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Perineural tumor spread (PNT) from cutaneous malignancies poses a significant risk.
  • Orbital involvement by PNT can lead to severe visual and functional impairment.
  • Accurate evaluation of PNT is essential for appropriate treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the role of advanced imaging in assessing perineural tumor spread into the orbit.
  • To highlight key radiologic findings indicative of orbital PNT.
  • To discuss the clinical significance and management of PNT in this region.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MR imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) techniques.
  • Analysis of characteristic imaging features of perineural tumor spread.
  • Correlation of radiologic findings with clinical presentation and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Specific MRI and CT findings are critical for identifying perineural invasion along cranial nerves.
  • Early identification of orbital PNT allows for timely intervention.
  • Imaging findings guide surgical and adjuvant treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • MR imaging and computed tomography are indispensable tools for evaluating perineural tumor spread to the orbit.
  • Radiologic assessment is key to early diagnosis, impacting patient prognosis.
  • Optimized management strategies, informed by imaging, improve patient outcomes.