Invasive transvalvular flow rate to predict likely severe aortic valve stenosis with low-gradient and normal ejection...

There are limited data on the diagnostic role of invasively measured transvalvular flow rate (TFR) in patients with low-gradient (mean gradient < 40 mmHg) severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) (aortic valve area (AVA) ≤ 1 cm²) before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

To evaluate the role of invasively measured TFR as a diagnostic tool for likely severe discordant AS in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

We included 134 patients from a single-center registry, who had low-gradient, severe AS, and normal LVEF, and underwent pre-TAVI invasive hemodynamic evaluation. Patients were divided into likely and unlikely severe AS according to the latest European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines.

Patients with likely and unlikely severe AS had comparable stroke volume index (SVi) (32.01 ± 9.15 vs. 34.09 ± 11.36 ml/m², p = 0.536), while the likely severe AS group had a lower TFR (159 ± 51.03 vs. 180 ± 56.03 ml/s, p = 0.044). We found that 77.3% of patients with a SVi > 35 ml/m² had TFR ≤ 200 ml/s. Patients with likely severe AS showed lower 5-year cardiac mortality compared with unlikely severe AS after TAVI (adj. HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.17-0.95, p = 0.038), and comparable to high-gradient severe AS (21.3% vs. 26.2%, log rank, p = 0.847). TFR ≤ 200 ml/s was highly associated with the diagnosis of likely severe AS (adj. OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.30-7.34, p = 0.010). Integrating TFR into the diagnostic criteria for severe AS could predict 5-year cardiac mortality (adj. HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21-0.97, p = 0.042), unlike SVi.

Low invasive TFR is highly associated with the diagnosis of likely severe AS. Likely severe discordant AS with normal LV systolic function showed better long-term outcome after TAVI.