Challenges and coping experiences in caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in central region, Ghana

Caregiving for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a demanding role, particularly in low-resource settings. This study explored the challenges and coping experiences of caregivers of children with ASD in the Central Region of Ghana.

An Exploratory-Descriptive Qualitative (EDQ) approach was adopted, guided by a constructivist epistemological stance. Seventeen participants, including family (parent and guardians) and institutional caregivers (staff) were selected. Participants were selected from a Special School, which serves children with developmental and learning disabilities, using a purposive sampling technique. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework, employing an inductive approach to generate themes from the data.

Caregivers experienced multiple constraints, including poor public assistance, inadequate rest, inability to meet the financial demands of caregiving, and inadequate knowledge of care. Despite these challenges, caregivers exhibited proactive self-care behaviours, such as prompt attention to ailments and self-medication practices. Participants also employed a variety of coping strategies to manage the physical, emotional, and financial burden of caregiving. These strategies included seeking emotional support from family and peers, engaging in diversionary therapy, and applying relaxation techniques to sustain their caregiving roles.

ASD caregiving is a public health and social welfare concern. It highlights the need for culturally sensitive support systems, increased awareness, caregiver education, and stronger policy interventions to improve caregiver wellbeing and child development outcomes.