Consecutive Esotropia Following Exotropia Surgery: Possible Risk Factors, Changes in the Angle of Deviation, and...

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Strabismus Surgery
• Pediatric Ophthalmology

Background:

• Exotropia surgery aims to correct outward eye deviation.
• Consecutive esotropia, an inward turning of the eye, can occur post-surgery.
• Understanding risk factors is crucial for managing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate risk factors for consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgery.
• To analyze changes in deviation angle and esotropia prevalence.
• To compare outcomes between symmetric and asymmetric surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 114 patients with basic-type exotropia.
• Comparison of bilateral lateral rectus recession (symmetric) versus unilateral recession/resection (asymmetric) surgery.
• Analysis of preoperative, early, and late postoperative findings, including deviation angles and visual functions.

Main Results:

• Consecutive esotropia prevalence decreased post-surgery in both groups (17% to 7% in symmetric, 30% to 19% in asymmetric).
• Significant risk factors identified include refractive error, anisometropia, high deviation angles, and extent of surgery.
• Stereopsis improved significantly in the asymmetric surgery group, while fusion improved in both.

Conclusions:

• Initial overcorrection post-exotropia surgery generally decreases.
• Patients with specific preoperative and early postoperative characteristics require close monitoring for consecutive esotropia.
• Proactive management based on identified risk factors can improve surgical outcomes.