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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
06:22

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Pulmonary Function Test Abnormalities in Subacute Cough: A Neglected Tool.

Aycan Yüksel1, Ceren İlgar Akelma2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.

Thoracic Research and Practice
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Subacute cough patients often have impaired pulmonary function tests (PFTs), particularly in forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) z-scores. These findings suggest PFTs can aid in evaluating diverse causes of persistent cough.

Keywords:
AsthmaCOPDinterstitial lung diseasepulmonary function tests

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Subacute cough is frequently viewed as benign and self-limiting.
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are not standard during the subacute cough phase.
  • Evaluating PFTs in subacute cough can reveal underlying respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare PFT findings in adults with subacute cough against healthy controls.
  • To identify specific PFT parameters indicative of respiratory impairment in subacute cough.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of PFTs for subacute cough evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of adults with subacute cough and age/sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Standardized spirometry measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75) as absolute values and z-scores.
  • Analysis of covariance used for between-group comparisons, adjusting for age, sex, and height.

Main Results:

  • Patients with subacute cough showed significantly lower FEV1 and FVC z-scores, and lower FEF25-75 values and z-scores compared to controls (P < 0.001).
  • Adjusted analyses confirmed significant group differences in FVC, FEV1 z-score, and FEF25-75 (absolute and z-score).
  • Common diagnoses included post-infectious cough (37.8%) and asthma (25%); interstitial lung diseases (ILD) were also identified. FEF25-75 z-scores demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability across subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Subacute cough represents a heterogeneous condition, not solely post-infectious.
  • Impaired PFTs, particularly FEF25-75 z-scores, are observed in patients with subacute cough.
  • PFTs offer valuable supplementary data for the comprehensive evaluation of subacute cough.