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Spontaneous Pathologic Myopia and Contributing Factors in Nonhuman Primate Models.

Jiaxin Tian^1,2, Wei Liu³, Chenlong Yang^4,5

¹Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Translational Vision Science & Technology

|June 3, 2026

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Pathologic myopia (PM) in macaques shows fundus changes and risk factors similar to humans. Non-human primates (NHPs) are valuable models for studying PM progression and treatments.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Comparative Pathology
Animal Models

Background:

Pathologic myopia (PM) is a severe form of myopia leading to irreversible vision loss.
Understanding the fundus changes and risk factors in animal models is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Non-human primates (NHPs) offer a unique advantage for studying myopia due to their physiological similarities to humans.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the fundus changes associated with spontaneous pathologic myopia (PM) in non-human primates (NHPs).
To identify contributing factors for PM development in a macaque model.

Main Methods:

Analysis of fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from 82 highly myopic macaque eyes.
Assessment of fundus tessellation, parapapillary atrophy (PPA), and other fundus characteristics.

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Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression to identify risk factors such as axial elongation and aging.

Main Results:

Fundus lesions associated with PM were identified in 28.05% of eyes, including various forms of atrophy, lacquer cracks, and retinal abnormalities.
PM eyes showed significantly higher rates of PPA and more severe tessellation compared to highly myopic eyes.
Axial elongation and aging were confirmed as independent risk factors for PM in this NHP model.

Conclusions:

Spontaneous PM in macaques presents fundus changes and risk factors analogous to those observed in human PM.
NHPs serve as a suitable and valuable animal model for investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapies for PM.