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Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Pigmentation01:19

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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Practical Therapeutic Strategies for Acne-Induced Hyperpigmentation Across all Skin Types.

Jose L Lopez-Estebaranz1, Marta Lopez-Pando2, Keila Mitsunaga3

  • 1Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Calle Budapest 1, 28922, Alcorcón (Comunidad de Madrid), Spain. jlestebaranz@dermomedic.com.

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Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (AIH) and erythema are common acne side effects, especially in darker skin tones. Effective management involves topical and systemic treatments, alongside crucial photoprotection strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (AIH) and erythema are frequent acne sequelae, disproportionately affecting individuals with Fitzpatrick phototypes IV-VI.
  • These conditions stem from inflammatory mediators causing increased melanin and vascular changes, persisting for months or years and impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical approach and therapeutic recommendations for managing acne-induced hyperpigmentation (AIH) and erythema across all skin types.
  • To highlight risk factors, diagnostic methods, and current treatment options for AIH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on acne sequelae, focusing on AIH and erythema.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and risk factors associated with AIH.
  • Compilation of established and emerging therapeutic strategies, including topical agents, systemic therapies, and procedural interventions.

Main Results:

  • AIH and erythema are prevalent, with risk factors including darker skin, severe acne, and sun exposure.
  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual inspection and patient history.
  • A wide range of treatments exist, from topical agents (azelaic acid, retinoids) to systemic therapies (isotretinoin, tranexamic acid) and procedures (chemical peels, lasers, microneedling).

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of AIH and erythema requires a multi-faceted approach tailored to individual skin types.
  • Photoprotection is essential, particularly for individuals with skin of color.
  • Further research is needed to develop validated patient-reported outcome measures for AIH and erythema.